Another Look at Indians (Native Americans, Amerindians)
Native Americans are often cast in the role of victims of White aggression and unbridled avarice-driven or gratuitous violence- especially in the territories known collectively today as the United S Contd...
Europeans are also accused of importing pathogens- disease causing agents- such as smallpox and measles- malaria and yellow fever. Indigenous people had no immunological resistance to these illnesses as they were never exposed to them.
But recent findings by a team of anthropologists- economists and paleopathologists who have completed a massive study of the health of people living in the Western Hemisphere in the last 7- 000 years - suggest that Native American/' s health was severely run down long before the Europeans delivered the coup de grace.
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The researchers analyzed more than 12- 500 skeletons - half of them pre-Columbian - from 65 sites in North and South America for evidence of infections- malnutrition and other health problems.
The study - "The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere"- edited by Dr. Richard H. Steckel and Dr. Jerome C. Rose - discovered that the haleness of Native-Americans declined markedly in the 1000 years before Columbus "discovered" them.
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The vast majority of the skeletons showed telltale signs of advanced degenerative joint disease- deteriorating dental health- stature- anemia- arrested tissue development- infections and trauma from injuries. These were attributed by the participants to limited diets and urban congestion. People became shorter and died earlier - on average at age 35 - as the centuries passed.
"Pre-Columbian populations were among the healthiest and the least healthy in our sample- " Dr. Steckel and Dr. Rose said. "While pre-Columbian natives may have lived in a disease environment substantially different from that in other parts of the globe- the original inhabitants also brought with them- or evolved with- enough pathogens to create chronic conditions of ill health under conditions of systematic agriculture and urban living."
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Moreover- there are signs that diseases hitherto thought to have been introduced by the white explorers were actually indigenous.1- 000-year-old Peruvian mummies- for instance- were found to have been infected with tuberculosis in their lungs.
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